Mutagenic Effects of Borassus Aethiopum (Mart) Placenta Ash Extracts on the Root Tips of Allium Cepa (L)
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This study investigates the Mutagenic Effects of Borassus aethiopum (Mart) Placenta Ash Extracts on the Root Tips of Allium cepa (L). The aim of the study was to determine the mutagenic effects of Borassus aethiopium placenta ash water extracts on onion (Allim cepa) root tips. The seeds of A. cepa were obtained locally from Jimeta main market. The Seeds were dried in the laboratory. Ash extraction was prepared using the traditional method practiced by the Kilba, Marghi and Bura people, with some modification. The seeds selected were soaked for 48 hours. Root tips were harvested when the roots are about 2.5 cm long. The harvested root tips were immediately dropped into a solution of 0.05% colchicine for 5 hours, at the end of which the root tips were washed thoroughly in running tape water and placed in glacial acetic alcohol 1:3 v/v for 24 hours for fixation. The root tips were then hydrolysed in a water bath at 60 degrees. Allium test carried out on different concentrations of raw Borassus aethiopum Placenta Ash water extract revealed induction of chromosomal aberrations in the genome of Allium cepa. Chromosomal aberrations such as sickness, fragmentation, break, laggards, dissolution, Chromosome gap, Vagrant metaphase and Agglutination were observed in onion roots tips treated with 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25 g/ml concentrations of the Borassus aethiopum Placenta Ash water extract. Highest percentages (16.6%) of chromosomal aberrations were recorded for 1.25 g/ml extract, while 0.75g/ml of it gave the lowest percentage (7.3%). No chromosomal aberration was observed in the control and 0.5g/mils concentration. Observations made in this study call for caution in the consumption of raw Borassus aethiopum Placenta Ash water for treatment of ailment. Low concentration (0.5g/ml) and wide spacing of dosage are therefore suggested for the use of Borassus aethiopum Placenta Ash water extract in traditional medicine and soup preparation in order to prevent the risk of genetic accidents (mutation).
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