Evaluation of Bacteriological Quality and Proximate Composition of African Giant Snail (Archachatina Marginata) Sold in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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Abstract
Snails are highly perishable and prone to vast variations in quality due to differences in species, as well as environmental and feeding habits. This study, therefore, seeks to evaluate the bacteriological and proximate composition of Snails (Archachatina marginata) sold in markets around Port Harcourt. In this study, a total number of sixty (60) samples were collected from three markets: Creek Road, Mile One and Rumuokoro. The samples were collected using sterile bags properly labelled according to standard microbiological procedures. Standard analytical procedures were employed to determine the bacteriological characteristics and proximate composition of the various parts such as flesh, intestine, and fluid of the samples. Statistical analyses were carried out using ANOVA and All Pairs Turkey-Kramer. Results obtained from the study showed that Total heterotrophic bacteria counts of the snail parts from the three sampled markets ranged from 3.7 ±0.52x106 cfu/ml (fluid) to 8.6 ±1.24x106 cfu/g (Intestine)., total coliform count ranged from 0.6 ±0.31x104 cfu/ml (fluid) to 4.3 ±1.1x104cfu/g (Intestine)., Listeria count ranged from 0.6 ±0.34x104 cfu/ml to 1.9 ±0.55x104 cfu/g while Salmonella counts ranged from 0.4 ±0 x104cfu/ml to 3.6 ±1.58x104 cfu/g. The mean values for all the microbial counts were significantly different (P<0.05) in the three samples across the sampled markets. Using genomic identification technique Listeria species isolated and identified in this study include; L.monocytogenes, L.grayi, L. seeligeri, L.ivanovii, and L.welshmeri while species of Salmonella include S. enterica and bongori. Other bacterial isolates were identified as Vibrio spp, Bacillus spp Staphylococcus spp Shigella spp Pseudomonas spp. Enterobacter spp. E. coli, Micrococcus spp. Acinetobacter spp. Klebsiella spp. Results of proximate analyses revealed that the protein content of the snail was relatively good which makes it a good alternative source of protein. This study revealed that the meat of snails traditionally sold in the city of Port Harcourt were of poor microbiological quality, The presence of pathogenic organisms isolated in this study is of public health concern as these organisms are known causes of food-borne diseases. Therefore, awareness of public health implications of undercooked food samples such as snails should be emphasized via television, radio stations and schools.
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