Solar Radiation and Development of Human Skin Colours
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Abstract
The Sun has played a major role in the development of life on the Earth. Human skin is the most visible aspect of the human phenotype. It is distinguished mainly by its naked appearance, greatly enhanced abilities to dissipate body heat through sweating, and the great range of genetically determined skin colors present within a single species. In the Western culture, people are warned against sun exposure because of its adverse effects: erythema, There are signs that human ancestors lived in Africa 6–7 million years ago. Skin color has changed during human evolution. These changes may result from adaptations to solar ultraviolet radiation and/or sexual selection. Many aspects of the evolution of human skin and skin color can be reconstructed using comparative anatomy, physiology, and genomics. Enhancement of thermal sweating was a key innovation in human evolution that allowed maintenance of homeostasis during sustained physical activity in hot environments. Most likely, they had white skin colour which gradually turned dark. Humans have migrated out of Africa numerous times, mainly northwards, and each time their skin colour changed as an adaptation to lower rates of solar UV radiation Human skin, exposed to UV gets immediately darker through reversible, photochemical processes and spatial rearrangements of melanin structures skin color has changed during human evolution. These changes may result from adaptations to solar ultraviolet radiation and/or sexual selection.
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