Phytochemical Screening and the Mutagenic Effect of physalis angulata (L.) Plant Extract Using Allium cepa (L) Root Tip
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In this study, phytochemical screening and the assessment of the cytotoxic and mutagenic ability of Physalis angulate plants extracts using Allium cepa root tip was evaluated, and aqueous plant extract of P. angulate was prepared by soaking 100 grams of the dried and pounded plants material in 1 litter of water for 72 hours and was filtered using Whitman No 1, then subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening for saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phytosterols, glycosides, and terpenoids. for cytological analysis, A. cepa root tip was harvested pre-sorked in 0.05% colchicine for five hours for pretreatment then fixed in 1:3 v/v glacial acetic acid for 24 hours then hardened in absolute ethanol, the root tips were then hydrolyzed in 1NHCL for 8-10 minute, the chromosomal aberrations observed were polyploidy, dissolution, vagrant metaphase, binucleate, laggard, nuclear lesion, fragmentation, chromosome gap, anaphase bridge, micronuclei, unequal separation. The differences in the percentage of aberrations were analyzed statistically using ANOVA, the result shows a significance different between the percentage of chromosomal aberrations on the root tip cells of A. cepa treated with P. angulate leave extract, 5g (P =0.122) and 15g (P = 0.122), but 15g is significantly different from 5g (P =0.003), but not statistically different from 10g (P =0.122). 20g is significantly different from 5g (P =0.000), and 10g (P = 0.002), but not statistically different from 15g (P = 0.097). a positive control is statistically different from 5g (P =0.000), 10g (P =0.005), and 15g (P =0.026), but not statistically different from 20g (P=0.549). for P. angulate fruits extracts 10g is significantly different from 5g (P =0.012), but not statistically different from 15g (P =0.161), 20g is significantly different from 5g (P =0.00) and 10g (P =0.002), but not statistically different from 15g (P =0.081) and positive control (P =0.638) As the concentrations of the plant extracts increased to 10 %, 15 %, and 20 %, there was progressive increase in the percentage of aberrant cells and decrease in the number of dividing cells. Low concentration of the plant extracts and wide spacing of dosage is therefore suggested for use in the treatment of ailments.
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