Investigation of Phytochemical and Trace Metal Elements in Medicinal Plants Obtained in Girei Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria
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Abstract
Phytochemical analyses, heavy metals composition of Tetrapleura tetraptera, Euphorbita hirta and Sida acuta were carried out with a view to investigate the levels of essential elements in the plants parts. Qualitative phytochemical analyses showed the presence of Alkaloids, Saponnins, Tannins, Flavonoids, Glycosides and Terpenoids, however Resin and Steroids were observed to be absent in all the plant part and among the three plant species. The Mineral analyses indicate moderate concentration of Zn (0.44mg/kg) in Euphorbita hirta stem bark and high concentration of Mn (1.21mg/kg) in Euphorbita hirta leaves and concentration of Pb (0.38mg/kg) were found in Sida acuta bark, sida acuta root and Tetrapleura tetraptera root while Cu (0.27mg/kg) recorded the highest in concentration in Euphorbita hirta bark compared to all other plant extracts, in similar case Cd was observed to be absent in all the plant extract in all the three selected Plants species. The analysis of variance shows that the heavy metal elements have significant concentration on the plant samples (P-value=0.00) while the availability of many plant samples have a significant impact on the concentration of the heavy metal elements (P-value=0.03). The presence of the elements like Mn, Cu, Zn in the plants has tremendous health benefits to humans. In view of the importance of these medicinal plants, it is recommended that cultivation and monitoring of these plants be done regularly to ensure their availability and safety for food and medicine. This would serve as a source of income and prevent them from becoming extinct.
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