African Journal of Humanities and Contemporary Education Research

The Ethical Dimensions of the Use of Drugs and Substances among the Youth in Benue North-East Senatorial District

Anyam Damian Tersoo, PhD, Isaac Ahen Adeyongo — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The use of drugs and substances among youths in the Benue North-East Senatorial District of Benue State has raised significant ethical concerns due to its adverse impact on the well-being of individuals and the broader community. The study aimed to conduct an ethical evaluation of this issue, considering the implications for affected youths and their families. The primary objective was to examine the ethical dimensions of substance abuse among youths, emphasizing principles such as non-maleficence, respect for human dignity, social responsibility, justice, and fairness. The study was qualitative in nature and a literature review was conducted to gather relevant information and ethical frameworks related to the problem of youth drug and substance abuse. The study relied on existing academic sources, articles, and oral interviews that addressed the issue from an ethical perspective. Data was analyzed through qualitative content analysis, focusing on identifying key ethical principles and their implications for addressing the problem. The evaluation revealed the profound consequences of substance abuse on the health, social relationships, and economic well-being of affected youths and their families. Ethical considerations highlighted the moral duty to protect individual well-being, respect autonomy, and foster empathy in addressing addiction. The study concluded by reiterating the ethical imperative to protect and enhance the well-being of individuals affected by substance abuse. It called for individuals, communities, and governments to embrace these ethical principles and take meaningful action to create a more compassionate, equitable, and just response to the use of drugs and substances among youths in the Benue North-East Senatorial District.

Assessment of the Not Too Young To Run Act and Youth Political Participation in Nigeria between 2019-2023 General Elections

Eberechukwu Faith OBANI — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Since the inception of the fourth republic in 1999, Nigerian youths have been relegated to the background in terms of elective and appointive political positions. Though, they constitute 52% of registered voters only 5% occupy elective positions. The paper examined Not Too Young to Run Acts and Youths Political Participation in Nigeria 2019-2023 General Election. The paper is a time series that relies on a qualitative method of data collection. The data collected was analyzed using content analysis. The research was guided by this research question; - 1) has the Not Too Young to Run Act enhanced youth political participation in Nigeria? The research is anchored on Group theory as a theoretical framework of analysis. The theory focuses on the collectivities of individuals who interact in pursuance of common political goals. The theory argues that interest is the primary propelling force and that every action is based upon the sharing of interest. The work revealed that the socio-economic conditions and bad governance in Nigeria reinvigorated the political consciousness of youths to participate actively in politics. The research concludes and recommends that youths should be economically empowered through job creation, education, and an enabling environment for them to participate more in politics.

Economics Education and Sustainable Development in Nigeria

BASHAR Sa’adu Isa, PhD, Buhari Lawal — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Sustainable development is the United Nations’ global call for achieving a development that will meet the needs of the present without compromising that of future generations. This paper posits that economics education has a lot to offer in achieving sustainable development in Nigeria, as there are series of empirical evidence indicating a strong positive relationship among economics, economics education and sustainable development. Thus, the main thrust of this paper is to highlight the role of economics education in achieving sustainable development in Nigeria as well as the challenges and strategies for moving ahead. After the conceptual clarifications, the paper justifies that economics education helps in analysing economic policies and strategies, promoting green and sustainable businesses, addressing poverty and inequality, and informing evidence-based decision-making, among others. Despite all these contributions, economics education in Nigeria suffers from a number of challenges such as inadequate infrastructure in schools, inadequate funding, shortage of qualified teachers, outdated curriculum, lack of technology integration, insufficient research and development, and gender inequality. To get rid of these challenges for achieving the desired sustainable development in the country, it is recommended that the Nigerian government should strategise towards enhancing teacher quality through training and development, reviewing the curriculum, providing adequate and necessary instructional resources, promoting research and innovation in schools and colleges, promoting collaboration and partnerships, and enhancing the school infrastructure.

Navigating the Intersection of Christian Teachings, Social Issues, and Modern Challenges in Tiv Land

Rev. Dr. Samuel Anger Gbinde — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In contemporary times, Christianity has faced challenges in Tiv community amidst secularisation and internal divisions within Christianity. This study investigated the intricate interplay between Christian teachings, societal dynamics, and contemporary challenges within Tiv land. The study adopted qualitative research methods of data analysis which includes the descriptive, analytic and evaluative methods. The study explored the unique social organisation of the Tiv people, their linguistic affinity, and the historical establishment of Christianity in the region. The investigation also focused on key Christian ethical values such as accountability, responsibility, and integrity, providing biblical perspectives on these virtues. The methodology involved a qualitative approach, drawing on existing literature, historical analysis, and biblical references. Findings revealed the positive influence of Christian religious education in Tiv society, particularly in promoting moral reformation, respect for human rights, the common good, and protection of the poor and vulnerable. However, challenges such as changing values, moral crises, economic factors, secularism, and the impact of new media and technology on Christian teachings were identified. In conclusion, the study highlighted the complex dynamics influencing the intersection of Christian teachings and societal issues in Tiv land. The research recommends a holistic approach to Christian education that addresses contemporary challenges, emphasizes moral values, and navigates the evolving socio-cultural landscape.

Slavery Accusation Litigation and Male Gender Discrimination in Abbi

Dr. C. O. Okwelum, Dr. J. A. Onoyemeakpo, Mr. B. U. Oju — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study interrogates the phenomenon of slavery accusation in Abbi despite the fact that the institution has been abolished many years ago and there are no obvious evidences of its existence except as may be captured in modern slavery. The accusation is also regardless of the fact that there are extant laws of the constitution providing that citizens shall not be discriminated against as a result of the circumstances of birth, ethnic origin or religion. This study chooses, as a specimen from Abbi community, Suit No. NWACC/37/2021 Chief (Hon.) Solomon Egwenu v. Adolphus Okolafor Enueweosu which is founded on defamation of character of the plaintiff for being called a slave filed before the Ndokwa West Area Customary Court, Kwale. The study adopts content analysis within the broad spectrum of doctrinal method. It seeks to interrogate the factual circumstances that led to the litigations and critically raise the nature of the slavery accusation. Attempt was made to capture the evidence of witnesses in whose presence the allegation of slavery was made against the victim. The study finds that the allegations were not well founded in facts but were raised in relationship to communal traditional politics and power struggle and that the conveyors of the accusations were actuated by malice, jealousy and base motives to de-shine the rising political profile and traditional power aspiration of the victim in the locality and the victim’s capacity to bring more enlightened views and practice to native customs on local adjudication and dual-traditional-nativity identities. And to a large extent, purveyors are unwilling to appear in court to defend or ventilate their accusations as found in the specimen. The study also finds that who may be regarded as a slave may not actually have been subjected to the conditions of ‘slavery’ and that the purveyors are not largely ignorant of what the institution of slavery entails but attempts were made to pigeon hole the accusations within modern slavery. It is recommended that Abbi traditional council should put in place, mechanisms to punish exercises in denigrating its chiefs before it Palaces than allowing such infractions to get to the conventional courts of law.

The Impact of Mobile Phone Usage on the Academic Performance of Students in Tertiary Institutions

Mohammed Salisu Alfa, Micheal Vincent Abiodun, Christian Chidera Chiemzie — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This paper explores the general impact of mobile phones on the academic performance of students in tertiary institutions and investigates its effect on their academic, social, and personal lives. Mobile phones are necessary requirements in academics. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys and interviews to gather data from a diverse sample of students in which descriptive statistics approach is employed. A designed questionnaire was administered to the students using departments as units. The findings reveal that mobile phones have become indispensable tools for students, facilitating communication and information access. However, their usage patterns are not without challenges, as students often face issues related to distraction, addiction, and academic misconduct. Likewise, the study uncovers the influence of mobile phones on social interactions, shedding light on how these devices shape friendships, relationships, and the overall social landscape within tertiary institutions. It also delves into the impact on mental health, discussing the potential consequences of excessive screen time and digital isolation. The study which involves a sample of 200 questionnaires administered to the students recorded 98% success across all departments and schools. In conclusion, this research underscores the need for institutions and policymakers to strike a balance between embracing the benefits of mobile technology and mitigating its negative effects. It calls for targeted interventions to promote responsible phone usage among students, fostering a harmonious coexistence of mobile phones and academic pursuits in tertiary institutions.

Herdsmen Invasion and their Impact on the Church in Ukum, Benue State

Franca Shiminenge Jando, PhD, Iorngaghem Sullah Teryima — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The article examines herdsmen's attacks and their impact on the Church in Ukum. The paper is qualitative research thus, it employed secondary sources of data and adopts descriptive and analytic methods. Descriptive method was used to describe the herdsmen attacks while analytic method was employed to analyze the impact of the attacks on the Church in Ukum. It was found in the study that, the phenomenon of herdsmen attacks has a negative impact on the activities of the Church. Herdsmen attacks like other acts of insecurity have a profound impact on the economy, social and religious life of the Ukum and the state in general. It has thwarted the socio-economic growth of the state through killings, destruction of farms and property, and destruction of schools and religious gatherings. The Church has suffered these destructions and it has hindered its growth. The activities of the Church especially in rural communities have been affected by the attacks as the fear of being attacked has kept Christians in such areas away from gathering freely and reaching out to the members to encourage them. The study therefore recommended that the government should implement the anti-open grazing law and encourage ranching. The government must also ban the Fulani herdsmen from moving about with rifles. Also the Church on its part should continue to pray and seek intervention on the issue of herdsmen attacks. Church leaders too need to educate their members on safety measures that will help minimise the destruction that is caused by the herdsmen attacks in the state.

Synergizing Formal and Informal Education Curricular for Sustainable Quality Education in Nigeria

BASHAR Sa’adu Isa, PhD, ZAYYANU Sambo, PhD — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Contemporarily, Nigeria pays for the price of unemployment that is occasioned by thousands of hundreds of graduates produced annually that could not be absorbed by the labour market either due to lack of skills or competitiveness of the few job opportunities out there. This paper advocates for creating synergy between both formal and informal education curricular so that students could be equipped with relevant skills that could transform them from job seekers to job creators for overall national economic growth and development. The paper examines the practical strategies for creating and improving synergy between the formal and informal education in curriculum design such as leveraging on educational technologies, integrating informal learning experiences into formal curricula, fostering collaboration and partnerships, and promoting learner-centred approaches to instruction. Further, the paper justifies the benefits of employing these strategies such as enhancing learner engagement, enhancing learner motivation, promoting lifelong learning, fostering critical thinking skills, and facilitating the application of knowledge in real-world contexts. Moreover, the challenges associated with this synergy includes lack of recognition and assessment of informal learning, limited resources, and potential resistance from traditional educational institutions. Lastly, the paper recommends the need for continuous research and development to explore best pedagogical approaches, technological tools, and policy frameworks that can best support the successful integration of informal and formal education for a sustainable quality education in Nigeria.

Migration and Insecurity in Nigeria: Review

Garba Bala, Ishaya I. Inuwa — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Migration is the movement of people from one place to another destination within or outside the country. In the past ages, migration most especially within the country became the vehicle for uniting citizens as such migration provides knowledge ideas, skills and technology. But today, internal migration serves as an agent of conflict and insecurity in Nigeria. To mention but few among such conflicts include Maitatsine riot of Kano in 1980, Boko Haram of North Eastern Nigeria, the conflict between indigenous peoples of Biafra and Hausa/Fulani in South Eastern Nigeria, Oduduwa People’s Congress and Hausa traders in Lagos and Ibadan. Scholars believed that such conflicts were stimulated by migration. Therefore this paper examines the concept of migration and insecurity. The authors used secondary sources of data collection and reflected their ideas on the present topic of discussion. However, as contained in this paper are the causes of migration and insecurity in Nigeria as well as theories that support migration. In addition to this, the study adopted the use of Lee`s theory of migration as the theoretical framework of this study. Lee`s theory which described migration as a product of pull and push factors. Moreover, this study found out that the porosity of Nigerian borders, bribery and corruption on the sides of officers of immigration services are the root causes of such acts. Furthermore, the paper recommended the use of modern technology such as CCTV Cameras and the recruitment of more personnel to curb insecurity and illegal migrations in Nigeria.

Implementation Strategies on Universal Basic Education Policy in Nigeria

Muhammad Magaji, PhD, Balkisu Abubakar Kasimu A., Umaru Haruna Jadda — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The paper discusses the assessment of Nigeria’s Universal Basic Education Policy Implementation Strategies. A nation’s policy on education is the government's way of realizing national goals which can be achieved through education as a tool. The political and administrative inconsistencies were so much that they affected both policies and programmes in Universal Basic Education. The concept of educational policy and policy implementation was examined. The universal education goals were stated as contained in the policy statement on the national policy on education and frequent changes happening in the national of policy on education. The proposed strategies for the realisation of the goals of universal Basic Education state which include UBE shall be tuition-free, universal and compulsory where discussed. The critique of the UBE policy implementation in Nigeria discovered that lack of continuity in government in adequate funding in budgetary allocation and inadequate provision of educational services are constraints of the UBE programme in Nigeria. The paper concluded that if strategies were employed, the quality of universal basic education would highly be improved. The paper recommended that effort should be made by the three tiers of government to make education completely free at the primary and junior secondary school levels in order to encourage universal access to the education provided.

Survey of the Educational Needs of the Fishermen in Riverine Areas of Kebbi State, Nigeria

Dr. Ibrahim Muhammad Yabo, Illiyasu Abubakar — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Fishermen are a special minority group whose lifestyle and cultural activities have precluded them from benefiting from any social activities of the sedentary population, especially education. The National Policy on Education (2013) 6^th Edition, stipulates the direction of the national policy towards ensuring adequate educational opportunities at all levels of education and the provision of compulsory, free and universal education. The paper seeks to highlight efforts made by the National Commission for Nomadic Education to cater to the educational needs of the different categories of Nomads in Nigeria including migrant fishermen. The paper recognized that the Federal Government of Nigeria had adequately addressed the educational needs of the Migrant Fishermen in the Southern part of Nigeria, unlike Northern Nigeria where the Fishermen's Educational needs have not been responded to. The research methodology consists of research design, population of the study, sample and sampling techniques, instrumentation, validity and reliability of the research instrument. The sampling technique employed for this research study is that of (Morgan and Krecie, 1971), 2014 revised which suggests that 306 could be taken out of 1500. In this regard, therefore, 306 is taken as the sample while 1500 is taken as the population size. A deliberate sampling method is used to select the two local government areas in Kebbi state. The paper presented some recommendations which include requesting the Kebbi State Government to deploy more teachers to the schools, reviewing the curriculum and timing to reflect the cultural lifestyle of the Fishermen in Kebbi State and a conclusion.

The Impact of Escalating Insecurity on Socio-Economic Dynamics in Eha-Amufu Communities, Isi-Uzo Local Government of Enugu State

Boris Happy ODALONU, Miracle Chinemerem Ugwuanyi — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigated the effect of rising insecurity on socioeconomic activities in Eha-Amufu communities, Isi-Uzo Local Government Area of Enugu state. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys, and interviews to gather quantitative and qualitative data. Statistical analysis and thematic coding were used to interpret the findings, providing a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between rising insecurity and socio-economic activities in Eha-Amufu communities. The findings revealed that farmers-herders clashes, land and boundary disputes, and politically motivated killings by politicians are some of the causes of insecurity in the Eha-Amufu communities of Enugu State. The rising insecurity has led to untold hardship, displacement of people, reduction in food production, loss of means of livelihood, and loss of lives and properties. Based on the findings, the study recommended that the Federal Government should quickly mandate the National Boundary Commission and other relevant authorities to visit Eha-Amufu and resolve all the subsisting land issues between Eha-Amufu and the Benue communities, the Federal and State Governments should initiate a mechanism of peaceful settlement of dispute between the herdsmen and the people of Eha-Amufu communities, the government should resettle the displaced persons and deploy more security personnel to the Eha-Amufu rural communities for prompt and adequate security of the people and their properties.

Strengthening the Teaching of Theatre Arts Programme in Nigerian Colleges of Education

ALIYU Mohammed Sani — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Education system in Nigeria has witnessed a lot of changes and innovation toward improving quality teaching and learning processes. The Nigeria Certificate in Education Minimum Standards 2020 Edition, designed by the National Commission for Colleges of Education (NCCE) is the revised edition of the curriculum. The curriculum served as the most recent course outline for the theatre arts programme in Nigeria Colleges of Education. In recent times Nigeria gives much preference to youths training in employable skills. Therefore, Theatre Arts programme in Nigeria encompasses some courses that make it more entrepreneurial in practice among which is TiE. As a result, this paper made an attempt to strengthen the placement of TiE in the curriculum within the confines of the course title: THA 212 Children’s Theatre/ Drama in Education. Also, the paper pays attention to TiE and its relevance in the area of entrepreneurial skills suitability and beyond. These were elements critical that should be strengthened.

Pedagogical Approaches in Agricultural Science and the Nigerian Teachers’ Education Reforms

Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The Nigerian Educational Reform Act of 2007 provides information on wide-ranging reforms for the country’s education sector. Great changes are occurring in the global world, and the Nigerian agricultural educational system must respond to these changes or become obsolete and irrelevant. There is evidence in Nigeria which over the years has shown that government investment in education has not achieved the desired results, goals and objectives. The failure of the educational sector has increased the incidence of poverty and deprivation of the vulnerable groups. While the conceptual ideas and provisions are laudable, the issue of implementation becomes a matter of concern. This necessitated the paper, pedagogical approaches in agricultural science and teacher education reforms: prospects and challenges. The paper explores the basic concepts of reform, educational reforms, pedagogical approach, agricultural science and teacher education. The paper also examined; teacher-centered, learner-centered, and learning-centered pedagogy as pedagogies and its form making learning by doing as a focal point. The paper concludes with the need to systematically use different ways of teaching, and different pedagogical approaches, in agricultural science education as a reform in Nigerian education system.

Impact of Gambling on the Mental and Social Wellbeing of Youths in Ibadan, Nigeria

Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Gambling has been associated with risky personality, risky decision-making, and pro-risk behaviour. Personality traits like sensation-seeking, impulsivity and low self-control have been associated with gambling behaviour. People with sensation-seeking traits prefer varied, stimulating experiences and a willingness to engage in risk-taking to obtain such experiences. Therefore, it can lead to poorer mental and social health. Therefore, the study examines the impact of Gambling on the mental and social well-being of youths in Ibadan, Oyo State. The study adopted a qualitative research design and a total of one hundred and fifty youths in Ibadan, Oyo State were selected using purposive and convenience sampling methods. Questionnaires comprised socio-demographics and scales on gambling, social health and mental health. Descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation were adopted. The findings showed that the prevalence of gambling is high (X=3.11 > 2.50), there is a relationship between gambling and mental health outcomes (X=2.58 > 2.50), the impact of gambling on social health is low (X=2.26 > 2.50), there is a positive relationship in the significant between gambling and Mental health problems; r ₍₁₄₈₎= .315, p <0.05 and there is a positive relationship in the significant between gambling and Social health; r ₍₁₄₈₎= .282, p <0.05. It was recommended that Counselling should be done for students who are already addicted to gambling—health education programmes on the reduction of mental health problems.

The Effect of Incessant Industrial Strikes on the Development of Physics Education and National Progress in Nigeria

Godfrey Dunah Lawissense, Musa Bello, PhD, Abigail Unekwu Yusuf — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The Nigerian education system has been plagued by frequent and prolonged industrial strikes, with far-reaching consequences on various sectors, including physics education. This article aims to explore the effect of incessant industrial strikes on the development of physics education and national progress in Nigeria. To execute this research, three objectives and three research questions guided the study. In this study, a descriptive survey design was used with two hundred and sixty-five (265) respondents drawn from the total population of eight hundred and forty-six (846) which comprises of students, lecturers and technologist of Physics Department, FCE, Zaria as sample size for the study using simple random sampling technique. Sample size is chosen in line with Krejcie and Morgan (1970) sample size table. An instrument called “Effect of Industrial Strikes on the Development of Physics Education and National Progress Questionnaire (EISDPENPQ)”, with a reliability coefficient of 0.81 was used in data collection for the study. The Instrument was validated by three research experts in science education. All corrections and observations were effected on the instrument before administering it to the respondents. The analytical tools used were mean and standard deviation via the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 23). A mean of 3.0 and above will be considered as agreed/accepted while any mean below 3.0 will be considered as disagreed/not accepted. The end result revealed that there is high strike effect on the continuity and quality of physics education, including curriculum coverage, teacher-student interactions, and laboratory access, there is high socio-economic effect of industrial strikes on physics teachers and students, and strategies were accepted as a way to mitigate the effect of strikes on physics education. The researcher concludes by recommending that Government should allocate a larger portion of the national budget to education, ensuring that adequate resources are available for teacher training, infrastructure development, and curriculum improvement, among others.

Relationship between Social Media Use and Undergraduate Students’ Academic Achievement in Federal College of Education, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria

ABUBAKAR, Hussaini Yoffo, HALLIRU, Abdu (PhD) — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The study investigated the use of social media among undergraduate students in Federal College of Education, Yola and its relationship with academic achievement. A sample of 160 students were selected through stratified random sampling. A social media use and students’ academic achievement questionnaire was developed, the instrument was validated and the reliability index of 0.79 was obtained. Data collected were analyzed using simple percentages to answer the research questions and one-way ANOVA was used to test the hypothesis at .05 level of significance. The findings showed that Facebook, WhatsApp and Instagram are the most commonly used social media by the students. The findings revealed that male students use social media more than the female students except for ‘twitter’ and ‘Instagram’. It also revealed that social media use by the students did not affect their academic achievement. Finally, it recommended that social media should be used with caution.

The Challenges of Indiscipline among Students of Public Senior Secondary Schools in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State

Chukwudi Dike Umesi, Amaewhule Ikechukwu — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The challenges of indiscipline among students of public senior secondary schools in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State is not a new headline in our diary. Throughout the decades, we have witnessed various phases of public senior school crises and media reports such as “students expelled following rampage, students’ riot – principals, teachers, seriously injured” etc: Quite often precious researchers and writers had to concentrate solely on the causes of indiscipline in public senior schools. Nowadays, educational administrators are beginning to look for those factors militating against proper implementation and maintenance of discipline in public senior schools in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area. It is in pursuance of this objective that this work on the challenges of indiscipline among students of public senior secondary schools in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State were examined. In an attempt to make this work to be very authentic and primary, effort was made to carefully select schools in which research has not been carried out in this field. Review of related literature and personal observations were carried out and a questionnaire, which was in one set, was also administered to both staff and students. The statistical tool employed to analyze the raw data was percentage method. It was observed that lack of corporal punishment; moral aspect of religion, and poor remuneration of teachers constitute the major challenges to indiscipline among students of public senior secondary schools in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State. In this regard, it was suggested that corporal punishment should be reintroduced, religious studies should be taken more seriously and adequate incentives be provided to the teachers.

Understanding the Rudiments of Nigeria’s National Health Policies of 1988, 2004, AND 2016

Umar Ibrahim, Kabiru Sabitu, Sabaatu Elizebeth Danladi Nahuta — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Increasing health challenges within the Nigerian health system threaten the sustainability of national health policy development and implementation. The Nigerian government has within 28 years developed three health policy documents, beginning in 1988, revised in 2004, and 2016. Despite these efforts, the implementation challenges linger. In this regard, the study aims to understand the health policy development and implementation prowess from the stakeholder’s perspectives. The methodology adopts a descriptive qualitative study approach. The study was conducted in 12 states of the country, targeting experienced respondents. An in-depth interview with 15 purposively selected respondents from the government, development partners, CSOs, and academia was conducted. The study revealed the contribution of pressure groups to the government of the three National health policies of 1988, 2004, and 2016 respectively, and improvement in health policy implementation in the country. However. the study identifies a lack of synergy between government and private sectors in terms of Private Public Partnerships for policy development and implementation. Therefore, the study suggests the inclusion of a monitoring and evaluation framework in policy implementation processes. Also, a further study that critically assesses the impediment factors to the successful involvement of the private sector in health policy formation should be explored.