The Performance of Rice Husk Ash and Calcined Clay in Ternary Self-Compacting Concrete
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Abstract
The use of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) has become indispensable in the construction of heavily reinforced concrete structures. The cost of Portland limestone cement (PLC), which is the traditional hydraulic cement, is very high. It is more pronounced in developing countries like Nigeria. Rice Husk Ash (RHA) is a waste material that constitutes an environmental hazard in many developing nations. This research is aimed at producing blended self-compacting concrete using RHA and Calcined clay (CC) with Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) as a filler material. Laboratory experimental procedures were used in the work. The physical and oxide composition tests for some of the materials were carried out. 15 per cent of PLC was replaced with RHA and CC separately. In each case, ternary blends of RHA-PLC-CKD and CC-PLC-CKD were used to produce a grade 30 SCC. The SCC was tested for fresh and hardened properties. Standard Electronic Microscopy (SEM) tests of the concrete were carried out. The mean specific gravity of the RHA and CC are found to be 2.07 and 2.57 respectively. RHA blended SCC shows greater durability values than the CC blended Self-Compacting Concrete. The average compressive strength of RHA and CC Self-Compacting Concretes at 28-day are 35.0 and 30.4 N/mm2 respectively. RHA blended SCC shows a higher compressive strength of 17 per cent at 56 days. The average tensile strengths at 28 days are 3.8 and 3.5 N/mm2 for RHA and CC blended Self-Compacting Concrete respectively. The Sorptivity indices for RHA and CC Self-Compacting Concretes at 28-day are 0.030 and 0.034 cm/S1/2 respectively. RHA blended Self-Compacting Concrete performs better at both the fresh and hardened states as compared to CC blended Self-Compacting Concrete. However, both materials met the design strength at the age of 28 days. The use of RHA at 15% replacement of PLC in SCC production is therefore recommended, especially when durability is considered critical.
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