Strength Performance of Concrete Produced with Rice Husk Ash as Partial Replacement of Cement
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Concrete is the most common construction material with its major constituent being cement. The production of this Cement results in a lot of environmental issues which include the constant emission of CO2 gas. Reduction of this gas, preservation of natural resources needed in the production of the constituent of cement and subsequent sustainability of concrete structures have fueled the search for alternative cementing material to produce environment-friendly construction materials. Recently, supplementary cementitious materials like the agricultural by-products are used to replace a portion of the cement in concrete mixtures. The use of such CSM in concrete not only prevents these products from being land-filled which causes pollution but also enhances the properties of concrete in the fresh and hardened states. These supplementary cementitious materials with pozzolanic action react with hydration products in cement to form calcium silicate hydrate(CSH) thus enhancing and improving concrete quality and consequently reducing the cost of concrete production. One of such material is Rice Husk Ash (RHA). The study investigated the chemical composition of RHA as well as the specific gravity, workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength properties, with varying percentage of blended cement concrete and 100% cement concrete of mix ratio 1:2:4 and water-cement ratio of 0.5 were examined and compared. Slump test and compacting factor test was carried out to check the effect of RHA on the workability of fresh concrete. RHA partially replace cement in the order of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% were cast. The concrete specimens were tested at the ages of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The optimal cement replacement was found to be at 10% RHA. This combination gave a compressive strength of 26.8 N/mm2. This is close to the control concrete with compressive strength of 26.9 N/mm2 at 28days hydration period. Therefore, rice husk ash can be used as a replacement for cement in concrete.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Abdulazeez, S. A. (2019). Durability Properties of Composite Waste Glass Powder and Volcanic Ash Concrete exposed to Aggressive Chemical Environment. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Department of Building, Faculty of Environmental Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi.
Agboola, S. A., Idi A.M., Tapgun J., Bappah H. (2020). Strength Performance of Concrete Produced with Volcanic Ash as Partial Replacement of Cement. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 9(3), 372-378. March, 2020. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.13367.68002.
American Concrete Institute (2001). Guide to Durable Concrete. ACI E1-99 Committee Report E-701, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan, USA, 1-26.
American Society for Testing and Material. (2006). Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates. American Society for Testing and Material, West Conshohocken, No C125. USA.
American Society for Testing and Material. (2005). Specification for Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolana or Use in as a Mineral Admixture in Portland cements Concrete. American Society for Testing and Material, West Conshohocken, No C618. USA.
British Standard 812 part 2 (1975). Methods for determination of relative densities and water absorption of coarse aggregate (Specific gravity of aggregate). BSI Publication British Standard Institution, London.
British Standard, (1983). Testing concrete; Method for determination of slump. BS 1881-102, BSI, Linfordwood, Milton Keynes MK14 6LE, U.K.
British Standard Institution (1983) Method for Determination of Compressive Strength of Concrete Cube, BS 1881: Part 116, London, British Standard Institution.
BS1881 - 117: 1983. Testing Concrete - Method for determination of tensile splitting strength. British Standards Institute, London
BS 882: (1992) Specification for aggregate from natural sources for concrete. British Standards Institute, London.
BS DD-ENV 206 (1992), Concrete- performance, production, placing and compliance criteria.
Jindal B. B., and Kamal, K. (2015). Permeability & Strength Characteristics of Geo-Polymer Concrete. National Conference on Emerging Fields in Engineering and Science. EFES-15.
Khassaf, S. I., Jassim, A. T., and Mahdi, F. K. (2014). Investigating the Properties of Concrete Containing Rice Husk Ash to Reduce the Seepage in Canals. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 3(4), 348-354.
Mccaffrey, R. (2002). Climate change and the cement industry, Global cement and lime magazine (environmental special issue), 15-19.
Neville, A.M. and Brooks, J.J. (2010). Concrete Technology. 2nd edition. Long man Group United Kingdom Limited, 30-269.
Ogunbode, E. B. and Hassan, I. O. (2011). Effect of Addition of Calcium Nitrate on Selected Properties of Concrete Containing Volcanic Ash. Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practice and Technologies, 29-38. Retrieved Date: January 16, 2019, from http://www.lejpt.academicdirect.org.
Patricija, k., Aleksandrs, K. and Valdemars, S. (2013). Evaluation of Properties of Concrete Incorporating Ash as Mineral Admixture. Construction Science, 17-25.
Shetty, M. S. (2005). Concrete Technology – Theory and Practice. New Delhi, India, S. Chand and Company Ltd.
Srinivasan, R., Sathiya, K. and Palanisamy, M. (2010). Experimental Investigation in Developing Low Cost Concrete from Paper Industry Waste. Buletinul Institutului Politechnic Din Iaşi, 56(1), 43.
Utsev, J. T., Taku, J. K. (2012). Coconut shell ash as partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement in concrete production International Journal OF Scientific & Technology Research. 1(8), September 2012 ISSN 2277-8616.
Mahmoud, H., Belel, Z. A. and Nwakaire, C. (2012). Groundnut Shell Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement in a Sandcrete Blocks Production. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 1(3), 1026-1032. Retrieved from http://www.isdsnet.com/ijds.
Mukherjee, S., Mandal, S. and Adhikari, U. B. (2012). Study on the Physical and Mechanical Property of Ordinary Portland Cement and Fly Ash Paste. International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, 2(3), 731-736. Doi:10.6088/ijcser.00202030003.